It includes tumoral calcinosis, subepidermal calcified nodules, and scrotal calcinosis. Idiopathic calcification has no underlying tissue damage or abnormal laboratory values. Metastatic calcification has abnormal serum levels of calcium and phosphorus with deposition occurring after calcium phosphate product exceeds 70. There is an underlying disease, systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, or lupus, that induces tissue damage and creates a nidus for calcification. Dystrophic calcification is the most common cause of calcinosis cutis and is associated with normal laboratory values of calcium and phosphorus. It is classified into five main types: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, and calciphylaxis. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of calcinosis cutis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for affected patients.Ĭalcinosis cutis is a condition in which calcium salts are deposited in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Calcinosis universalis occurs when there is diffuse involvement of subcutaneous and fibrous structures of muscles and tendons. The disorder is classified as calcinosis circumscripta if it is limited to an extremity or joint. Calciphylaxis involves calcification of small and medium-sized vessels and is associated with chronic renal failure and dialysis. Iatrogenic calcification is caused by administration of calcium or phosphate containing agents that induce precipitation of calcium salts. Idiopathic calcification does not involve underlying tissue damage or abnormal laboratory values and includes tumoral calcinosis, subepidermal calcified nodules, and scrotal calcinosis. Metastatic calcification is associated with abnormal serum calcium and phosphorus levels, and deposition occurs when calcium phosphate production exceeds a certain value. Dystrophic calcification is typically associated with a systemic disease such as systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, or lupus, that induces tissue damage and creates a nidus for calcification. Dystrophic calcification is the most common cause of calcinosis cutis and is associated with normal calcium and phosphorus levels. Local surgical excision of symptomatic calcinosis has been shown to relieve symptoms in cases.Calcinosis cutis occurs when calcium salts are deposited into the skin and subcutaneous tissue. No established therapy is recognised, but calcium chelates (EDTA) bisphosphonates, and steroids have been used with little consistent benefit. It can be distinguished from heterotopic ossification by the absence of organised bone formation and the lack of previous trauma or injury. The calcifications tend to be coarser and larger than those seen in hyperparathyroidism or chronic renal disease. Unlike tumoural calcinosis, it is plaque or sheet like rather than mass like. Tendon and ligamental involvement has been described. Radiographic featuresĬalcinosis universalis manifests as long bands of symmetrical subcutaneous calcification seen extending along deep fascial planes. ~1/3 of cases are associated with scleroderma, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. possible high levels of γ-carboxyglutamic acid in tissues and urine.palpable calcific plaques in subcutaneous or deeper tissue.It usually presents <20 years of age, and is more common in women.
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